INTRODUCTION In avian hypertrophic cartilage, the maturation pathway from mesenchymal prechondrogenic cells to fully differen- tiated hypertrophic chondrocytes
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چکیده
In avian hypertrophic cartilage, the maturation pathway from mesenchymal prechondrogenic cells to fully differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes proceeds through differentiation stages that can be defined by biochemical markers and several other parameters such as cell volume, cellular phenotype and growth kinetics. The chondrocyte differentiation process is divided into three schematic cellular compartments: (a) pre-chondrogenic mesenchymal cells, which are found first in the limb bud and later in the perichondrium (Kosher, 1983); these cells synthesize type I collagen, fibronectin and possibly basal levels of type II collagen; (b) stage I (proliferating) chondrocytes, which produce large amounts of type II collagen and cartilagespecific proteoglycans (Kosher, 1983; Hayashi et al., 1986; von der Mark et al., 1976); (c) stage II (hypertrophic) chondrocytes characterized by the production of type X collagen localized in hypertrophic calcifying cartilage (Capasso et al., 1984; Kielty et al., 1985; Schmid and Linsenmayer, 1985). Chicken embryo chondrogenic cells maintained in vitro can differentiate and reproduce the main steps of hypertrophic cartilage maturation (Castagnola et al., 1986). Freshly dissociated chicken chondrocytes plated on plastic dishes dedifferentiate, stop type II and activate type I collagen synthesis. When transferred into suspension cultures, these cells readily aggregate and within few days cease synthesizing type I collagen while type II collagen secretion increases in the following days. After two weeks of sus245 Development 117, 245-251 (1993) Printed in Great Britain © The Company of Biologists Limited 1993
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